10 research outputs found
The impact of common envelope development criteria on the formation of LIGO/Virgo sources
The treatment and criteria for development of unstable Roche lobe overflow
(RLOF) that leads to the common envelope (CE) phase have hindered the
evolutionary predictions for decades. In particular, the formation of black
hole-black hole (BH-BH), black hole-neutron star (BH-NS), and neutron
star-neutron star (NS-NS) merging binaries depends sensitively on the CE phase
in classical isolated binary evolution model. All these mergers are now
reported as LIGO/Virgo sources or source candidates. CE is even considered by
some as a mandatory phase in the formation of BH-BH, BH-NS or NS-NS mergers in
binary evolution. At the moment, there is no full first-principles model for
development of CE. We employ the Startrack population synthesis code to test
the current advancements in studies on stability of RLOF for massive donors to
assess their effect on LIGO/Virgo source population. In particular, we allow
for more restrictive CE development criteria for massive donors. We also test a
modified condition for switching between different types of stable mass
transfer. Implemented modifications significantly influence basic properties of
merging double compact objects, sometimes in non-intuitive way. For one of
tested models with restricted CE development criteria local merger rate density
for BH-BH systems increased due to emergence of a new dominant formation
scenario without any CE phase. We find that the changes in highly uncertain
assumptions on RLOF physics may significantly affect (i) local merger rate
density, (ii) shape of the mass and mass ratio distributions, and (iii)
dominant evolutionary formation (with and without CE) scenarios of LIGO/Virgo
sources. Our results demonstrate that without sufficiently strong constraints
on RLOF physics, one is not able to draw fully reliable conclusions about the
population of double compact object systems based on population synthesis
studies.Comment: 20 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Symmetry breaking in merging binary black holes from young massive clusters and isolated binaries
Properties of the to-date-observed binary black hole (BBH) merger events
suggest a preference towards spin-orbit aligned mergers. Naturally, this has
caused widespread interest and speculations regrading implications on various
merger formation channels. Here we show that (i) not only the BBH-merger
population from isolated binaries, but also (ii) BBH population formed in young
massive clusters (YMC) would possess an asymmetry in favour of aligned mergers,
in the distribution of the events' effective spin parameter ().
In our analysis, we utilize BBH-merger outcomes from state-of-the-art N-body
evolutionary models of YMCs and isolated binary population synthesis. We
incorporate, for the first time in such an analysis, misalignments due to both
natal kicks and dynamical encounters. The YMC distribution has
a mean (an anti-aligned merger fraction) of (), which is smaller (larger) than but
consistent with the observed asymmetry of () as obtained from the population
analysis by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration. In contrast, isolated binaries
alone tend to produce a much stronger asymmetry; for the tested physical
models, and .
Although the YMC distribution is more similar to the observed
counterpart, none of the channels correctly reproduce the observed
distribution. Our results suggest that further extensive model explorations for
both isolated-binary and dynamical channels as well as better observational
constraints are necessary to understand the physics of 'the symmetry breaking'
of the BBH-merger population.Comment: 20 pages including Appendix, 7 figures, 3 tables. Extended results
and discussions; main conclusions are unchanged. Accepted for publication in
Ap
The role of supernova convection for the lower mass gap and the isolated binary formation of gravitational wave sources
Understanding astrophysical phenomena involving compact objects requires an
insight about the engine behind core-collapse supernovae (SNe) and the fate of
the stellar collapse of massive stars. In particular, this insight is crucial
in developing an understanding of the origin and formation channels of detected
population of BH-BH, BH-NS and NS-NS mergers. To gain this understanding, we
must tie our current knowledge of pre-SN stars properties and their potential
explosions to the final NS or BH mass distribution. The timescale of convection
growth may have a large effect on the strength of SN explosion and therefore
also on the mass distribution of stellar remnants. In this study we adopt the
new formulas for the relation between the pre-SN star properties and its
remnant from Fryer et al. 2022 in prep. into StarTrack population synthesis
code and check how they impact double compact object (DCO) mergers formed via
isolated binary evolution. The new formulas give one ability to test a wide
spectrum of assumptions on the convection growth time. In particular, different
variants allow for a smooth transition between having a deep lower mass gap and
a remnant mass distribution filled by massive NSs and low mass BHs. In this
paper we present distribution of masses, mass ratios and the local merger rate
densities of DCO mergers for different variants of new remnant mass formulas.
We test them together with different approaches to other highly uncertain
processes. We find that mass distribution of DCO mergers up to m_1+m_2 < 35
Msun is sensitive to adopted assumption on SN convection growth timescale.
Between the two extreme tested variants the probability of compact object
formation within the lower mass gap may differ up to 2 orders of magnitude. The
mass ratio distribution of DCO mergers is significantly influenced by SN model
only for our standard mass transfer stability criteria.Comment: 20 pages, submitted to MNRAS, comments welcom
Black hole–black hole total merger mass and the origin of LIGO/Virgo sources
Abstract: The LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA (LVK) Collaboration has reported nearly 100 black hole (BH)–BH mergers. LVK provides estimates of rates, masses, effective spins, and redshifts for these mergers. Yet the formation channel(s) of the mergers remains uncertain. One way to search for a formation site is to contrast the properties of detected BH–BH mergers with different models of BH–BH merger formation. Our study is designed to investigate the usefulness of the total BH–BH merger mass and its evolution with redshift in establishing the origin of gravitational-wave sources. We find that the average intrinsic BH–BH total merger mass shows exceptionally different behaviors for the models that we adopt for our analysis. In the local universe (z = 0), the average merger mass changes from M¯tot, int∼25M⊙ for the common envelope binary evolution and open cluster formation channels, to M¯tot, int∼30M⊙ for the stable Roche lobe overflow binary channel, to M¯tot, int∼45M⊙ for the globular cluster channel. These differences are even more pronounced at larger redshifts. However, these differences are diminished when considering the LVK O3 detector sensitivity. A comparison with the LVK O3 data shows that none of our adopted models can match the data, despite the large errors on BH–BH masses and redshifts. We emphasize that our conclusions are derived from a small set of six models that are subject to numerous known uncertainties. We also note that BH–BH mergers may originate from a mix of several channels, and that other (than those adopted here) BH–BH formation channels may exist
Time-delay measurement of MgII broad line response for the highly-accreting quasar HE 0413-4031: Implications for the MgII-based radius-luminosity relation
We present the monitoring of the AGN continuum and MgII broad line emission
for the quasar HE 0413-4031 () based on the six-year monitoring by the
South African Large Telescope (SALT). We managed to estimate a time-delay of
days in the rest frame of the source using seven
different methods: interpolated cross-correlation function (ICCF), discrete
correlation function (DCF), -transformed DCF, JAVELIN, two estimators of
data regularity (Von Neumann, Bartels), and method. This time-delay is
below the value expected from the standard radius-luminosity relation. However,
based on the monochromatic luminosity of the source and the SED modelling, we
interpret this departure as the shortening of the time-delay due to the higher
accretion rate of the source, with the inferred Eddington ratio of .
The MgII line luminosity of HE 0413-4031 responds to the continuum variability
as , which is consistent with
the light-travel distance of the location of MgII emission at . Using the data of 10 other quasars, we confirm the
radius-luminosity relation for broad MgII line, which was previously determined
for broad H line for lower-redshift sources. In addition, we detect a
general departure of higher-accreting quasars from this relation in analogy to
H sample. After the accretion-rate correction of the light-travel
distance, the MgII-based radius-luminosity relation has a small scatter of only
dex.Comment: 39 pages (23 pages - Main text, 16 pages - Appendix), 21 figures, 14
tables; accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa
Time delay measurement of Mg II line in CTS C30.10 with SALT
We report 6 yr monitoring of a distant bright quasar CTS C30.10 (z = 0.90052)
with the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT). We measured the rest-frame
time-lag of days between the continuum variations and the response
of the Mg II emission line, using the Javelin approach. More conservative
approach, based on five different methods, imply the time delay of
days. This time delay, combined with other available
measurements of Mg II line delay, mostly for lower redshift sources, shows that
the Mg II line reverberation implies a radius-luminosity relation very similar
to the one based on a more frequently studied H line.Comment: submitted to ApJ; comments welcom
The Effect of Supernova Convection On Neutron Star and Black Hole Masses
Our understanding of the convective-engine paradigm driving core-collapse
supernovae has been used for 2 decades to predict the remnant mass distribution
from stellar collapse. These predictions improve as our understanding of this
engine increases. In this paper, we review our current understanding of
convection (in particular, the growth rate of convection) in stellar collapse
and study its effect on the remnant mass distribution. We show how the depth of
the mass gap between neutron stars and black holes can help probe this
convective growth. We include a study of the effects of stochasticity in both
the stellar structure and the convective seeds caused by stellar burning. We
study the role of rotation and its effect on the pair-instability mass gap.
Under the paradigm limiting stellar rotation to those stars in tight binaries,
we determine the effect of rotation on the remnant mass distribution.Comment: 17 pages, accepted by Ap